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abeam
See points of sail.
america's cup
Race first held on the 22nd of August 1851 around the
Isle of Wight to demonstrate the supremacy of British
boats over the American ones. The prize was “The
one hundred Guinea Cup" won by the American schooner
"America", which the race was then named after.
The race is now held every four years in the waters of
the country currently holding the Cup. To compete in today’s
America’s Cup Race, boats must have an “international
rating of 12 metres”. A slightly complicated calculation
based on an equation translating volumes, surface areas
and lengths into linear metres. What you actually see
is a boat approx. 24 m in length with a beam of 4.30 m
and a mast 32½ m tall with a sail area of almost
365 sq m without the spinnaker. |
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backstay
Connecting line running from the top of the mast
to the stern.
Together with the forestay
and shrouds,
it keeps the mast upright.in piedi.
beam reach
See points of sail.
bear away
To steer the bow away from the wind. The opposite of luff.
boom
The longitudinal pole attached to the mast
that holds the foot of the mainsail.
bottom
The underwater part of the boat. Also known as the underwater
hull.
bow
The forward end of a boat
bowman
The crewman who works on the foredeck.
breeze
See wind.
broad reach
See points of sail.
bulb
A torpedo-shaped weight (ballast) fastened to the lower
part of the fixed keel (fin) and forming part of the boat’s
underwater body. The bulb is added to counter the force
the wind exerts on the sails, and without it the sailboat
would be prone to capsize (overturn). |
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clews
The lower back corner of a sail the sheet
is fed through and knotted on.
close-hauled
See points of sail
cockpit
Aft area where the helmsman and any crewmembers
not involved in work at the bow sit or put their
feet.
collide
To bring a boat alongside another to the point where they
touch. There are international regulations establishing
right of way at sea to prevent collisions.
coffee grinder
A large winch that multiplies the force applied, much
like the gears on a bicycle. It also has two pedals, though
they are worked by hand by one or two sailors. It is used
to haul the
sheets.
come about
To change directions on a zigzagging course to sail in
an upwind direction.
To tack is to come about. |
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displacement
The weight of water displaced by the underwater part of
the boat.
downhule
Control line fastened to the free end of the spinnaker
pol that, together with the topping
lift moves it up and down to adjust the spinnaker
and gennaker.
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ease
The opposite of haul.
engae
Two boats start to engage when the bow
of one is aligned with the stern
of the other and the distance between them is no greater
than two boat lengths of the longer of the two boats. |
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foot
British unit of measurement to indicate the length of
the hull. One foot = 0.3048 m. Also the sail’s lower
edge.
forestay
Steel wire running from the top of the mast
to th bow. |
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genoa
Sail similar to the jib
but with a larger sail area. On America’s Cup yachts,
a genoa measures approx. 110 sq m, weighs 40/50 kg and
costs around 27,000 euros.
gennaker
A cross between the genoa
and spinnaker
from where it gets its name, with size and functions somewhere
between the two.
g.p.s.
(Global Positioning System). System for determining one’s
position based on the use of a series of satellites that
send signals to an on-board receiver. |
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| H |
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halyard
Any of the sheets
that run inside the
mast to the
top and are used to raise the sails.
hank
on
To hook an edge of the jib
or genoa on the
forestay using hanks (metal hooks).
haul
down
To lower, bring down or drop down. Mainly referring to
sails.
head
Corner of the sail that is hoisted to the masthead with
a halyard.
header
An unfavourable change in wind,
when a windshift moves further forward.
headway
The continued movement of a boat, due to inertia, once
all propulsion has stopped.
hoist
To raise.
hourglass
As the name suggests, this is the shape the spinnaker
becomes when it gets tangled up. This problem may be encountered
during hoisting or as a result of a windshift.
hule
To pull (a term that should not be used aboard) a sheet
for example, to adjust or tension the sail. The opposite
to ease. |
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leeward
The opposite of windward.
luff
To point the bow
of the boat into the wind.
The opposite of bear
away.
luffing
Turbulence created by the sails. |
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jib
Small triangular sail in front of the mast. |
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knot
See mile. |
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lay line
The ideal course (an imaginary straight line) to be followed
to reach the mark when racing.
leech
The back edge of a sail the wind
spills out from.
lift
A favourable change in wind
direction when a windshift moves aft. |
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